Front Squat

The Front Squat primarily works the Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, with secondary activation of the Adductor Magnus, Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Soleus, Vastus Intermedius and stabilizer support from the Anterior Deltoid, Biceps Femoris (Long Head), Brachialis, Erector Spinae, External Obliques, Gastrocnemius (Medial), Lateral Deltoid, Levator Scapulae, Pectoralis Major (Clavicular), Rectus Abdominis, Serratus Anterior, Supraspinatus, Transverse Abdominis, Trapezius (Lower), Trapezius (Middle), Trapezius (Upper). It is a barbell compound exercise at advanced difficulty.

The Front Squat is a advanced compound exercise performed with barbell, following a squat movement pattern. It primarily targets the Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, with secondary engagement of the Adductor Magnus, Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Soleus, Vastus Intermedius. This is a bilateral pushing movement, meaning both sides work together to generate force.

Barbell squat with bar on front shoulders emphasizing quadriceps.

EquipmentBarbell
DifficultyAdvanced
TypeCompound
MovementSquat
ForcePush
LateralityBilateral
PrimaryGluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis
SecondaryAdductor Magnus, Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Soleus, Vastus Intermedius

Muscles Worked

Front
Back
Primary Secondary Stabilizer

The Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, and Vastus Medialis are the primary movers, collectively driving the movement and absorbing the greatest share of the load. The Adductor Magnus, Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Soleus, and Vastus Intermedius act as secondary movers, assisting the primary muscles and contributing meaningfully to the overall output. The Anterior Deltoid, Biceps Femoris (Long Head), Brachialis, and 13 other muscles act as stabilizers, maintaining joint position and postural alignment throughout the movement.

Primary Muscles

Secondary Muscles

Stabilizer Muscles

How to Perform

Preparation

  1. From rack with barbell upper chest height, position bar in front of shoulders.
  2. Cross arms and place hands on top of barbell with upper arms parallel to floor.
  3. Dismount bar from rack.

Execution

  1. Squat down by bending hips back while allowing knees to bend forward, keeping back straight and knees pointed same direction as feet.
  2. Descend until thighs are just past parallel.
  3. Extend knees and hips until legs are straight.
  4. Return and repeat.

Comments

  1. Keep head facing forward, back straight and feet flat on floor with equal distribution of weight through forefoot and heel.
  2. Knees should point same direction as feet throughout movement.
  3. SeeSquat Analysis.
  4. Also see weightlifting styleFront Squat.

Tips & Common Mistakes

Programming Suggestions

Adapt your sets and reps to your training goal. This is an advanced exercise — experienced lifters can push intensity higher and use more varied rep schemes.

Strength3–5 sets × 3–6 reps at 80–90% 1RM with 2–4 minutes rest.
Hypertrophy3–5 sets × 6–12 reps at 65–80% 1RM with 60–120 seconds rest.
Endurance2–4 sets × 15–20 reps at 50–65% 1RM with 30–60 seconds rest.

Alternative Exercises

These exercises target the same primary muscles (Gluteus Maximus, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis) and can be substituted based on your equipment or variation preferences.

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